Identifying the Principal Components in Datasets with PCA

The Principal Component Analysis task identifies the most important components in a dataset and consequently reduces the number of attributes a dataset contains. These components correspond to a linear combination of attributes that collect most variance in the values. The Principal Component Analysis basically compresses a large amount of data into a smaller number of attributes that capture the essence of the original data. To put it simply, think of our TVs that show us 3D people and places flattened into 2D viewing. Although a dimension is missing, we don’t lose much detail.

The first new “attribute” (called an eigenvector) represents the maximum variation in the data, the second eigenvector represents the second largest amount of variation and so on. In the Principal Component Analysis task in Rulex you can select how many eigenvectors you want to create in your new compressed dataset.

This function is extremely useful when dealing with datasets that have a very high number of attributes. This is useful to prepare large datasets for tasks such as clustering, neural networks and linear fit. The technique can also help to avoid overfitting in rules, where there are so many attributes that rules get be overly precise and articulate in the training set, and consequently not produce good results when applied to new data.

However, eigenvectors do not represent a single aspect of the original dataset, such as age or occupation, but a combination of these. The task does not subsequently result in the generation of immediately human understandable explainable rules. It is possible to analyze how much each original attribute influenced the eigenvectors in the rules, but this method is rather approximate and not particularly reliable. It would not make much sense, for example, to use this task with the Logic Learning Machine algorithm in Rulex.

Consequently, if you need to explain decisions, avoid using the Principal Component Analysis task in your workflow.

Prerequisites

• a Rulex process has been created

• the required datasets have been imported into the process.

Procedure

1. Drag and drop the Principal Component Analysis task onto the stage.

2. Connect a task, which contains the data you want to export, to the new task.

3. Double click the Principal Component Analysis task.

4. Configure the task options as described in the table below.

5. Save and compute the task.